A Basic Science and Clinical Review of Vitamin D
Abstract
References
Medicine, IO. (2011) Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Deluca, HF. (2011) Historical Overview of Vitamin D A2 - Feldman, David. San Diego: Academic Press.
Carlberg, C. (2011) Target Genes of Vitamin D: Spatio-temporal Interaction of Chromatin, VDR, and Response Elements A2 - Feldman, David. San Diego: Academic Press.
Nagpal, S., Na, S., Rathnachalam, R. (2005) Noncalcemic actions of vitamin D receptor ligands. Endocr Rev, 26(5): 662-687.
Hollis, BW. (2011) Detection of Vitamin D and Its Major Metabolites A2 - Feldman, David. San Diego: Academic Press.
Bikle, D., Adams, JS, Christakos, S. (2013) Vitamin D: Production Metabolism, Mechanism of Action, and Clinical Requirements. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Binkley, N., Ramamurthy, R., Krueger, D. (2010) Low Vitamin D Status: Definition, Prevalence, Consequences, and Correction. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 39(92): 287-301.
Wesley Pike, J., Meyer Mark, B., Seong Min, L. (2011) The Vitamin D Receptor: Biochemical, Molecular, Biological, and Genomic Era Investigations. San Diego: Academic Press.
Holick, MF. (2011) Photobiology of Vitamin D A2 - Feldman, David. San Diego: Academic Press.
Armas, LAG., Hollis, BW., Heaney, RP. (2004) Vitamin D2 Is Much Less Effective than Vitamin D3 in Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89(11): 5387-5391.
Holick, MF., Biancuzzo, RM., Chen, TC., Klein, EK., Young, A., Bibuld, D., et al. (2008) Vitamin Vitamin D2 is as effective as vitamin D3 in maintaining circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 93(3): 677-681.
Holick, MF., MacLaughlin, JA., Clark, MB., Holick, SA., Potts, JT Jr., Anderson, RR., et al. (1980) Photosynthesis of previtamin D3 in human skin and the physiologic consequences. Science, 210(4466): 203-205.
Jones, G., Prosser, DE. (2011) The Activating Enzymes of Vitamin D Metabolism (25- and 1α-Hydroxylases). San Diego: Academic Press.
Jones, G., Strugnell, SA., DeLuca, HF.(1998)Current understanding of the molecular actions of vitamin D. Physiol Rev., 78(4): 1193-1231.
Holick, MF. (2010) Vitamin D: extraskeletal health. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 39(2): 381-400.
Makin, HJ., Jones, G., Kaufmann, M., Calverley, MJ. (2010) Analysis of Vitamins D, Their Metabolites and Analogues. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
Hollis, BW. (2010) Assessment and interpretation of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the clinical environment. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 39(2): 271-286.
Abu el Maaty, MA., Hanafi, RS., Aboul-Enein, HY., Gad, MZ. (2015) Design-ofexperiment approach for HPLC analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a comparative assay with ELISA. J Chromatogr SciFRRE, 53(1): 66-72.
Bischoff-Ferrari, HA., Edward, G., Willett, WC., Thomas, D., Dawson-Hughes, B. (2006) Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 84(1): 18-28.
Dawson-Hughes, B., Heaney, RP., Holick, MF., Lips, P., Meunier, PJ., Vieth, R. (2005) Estimates of optimal vitamin D status. Osteoporos Int, 16(7): 713-716.
Michael Holick, F. (2007) Vitamin D Deficiency. N Engl J Med, 357(3): 266-281.
Lips, P., Hosking, D., Lippuner, K., Norquist, JM., Wehren, L., Maalouf, G., et al. (2006) The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy amongst women with osteoporosis: an international epidemiological investigation. J Intern Med, 260(3): 245-254.
AA, G., Liu, MC., Camargo, CA. (2009) Demographic differences and trends of vitamin dinsufficiency in the us population, 1988-2004. Arch Intern Med, 169(6): 626- 632.
Gallagher, JC. (2013) Vitamin D Insufficiency and Deficiency. John Wiley &Sons, Inc.
Holick, MF. (2002) Vitamin D: the underappreciated D-lightful hormone that is important for skeletal and cellular health. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, 9(1): 87-98.
Bhan, A., Rao, AD., Rao, DS. (2010) Osteomalacia as a result of vitamin D deficiency. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 39(2): 321-331.
Thomas, MK., Lloyd-Jones, DM., Thadhani, RI., Shaw, AC., Deraska, DJ., Kitch BT., et al. (1998) Hypovitaminosis D in medicalinpatients. N Engl J Med, 338(12): 777-783.
Khan,QJ., Fabian,CJ. (2010) How I Treat Vitamin D Deficiency. J Oncol Pract, 6(2): 97-101.
Holick, MF. (2006) High Prevalence of Vitamin D Inadequacy andImplications for Health. Mayo Clin Proc, 81(3): 353-373.
Holick, MF., Siris, ES., Binkley, N., Beard, MK., Khan, A., Katzer, JT., et al. (2005) Prevalence of Vitamin D Inadequacy among Postmenopausal North American Women Receiving Osteoporosis Therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 90(6): 3215-3224.
Holick, MF., Binkley, NC., Bischoff-Ferrari,HA., Gordon,CM., Hanley, DA., Heaney, RP., Murad,MH., et al. (2011) Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 96(7): 1911-1930.
Saintonge, S., Bang, H., Gerber, LM. (2009) Implications of a new definition of vitamin D deficiency in a multiracial us adolescent population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Pediatrics, 123(3): 797-803.
Buison, AM., Kawchak, DA., Schall, J., Ohene-Frempong, K., Stallings, VA., Zemel, BS. (2004) Low vitamin D status in children with sickle cell disease.Journal of Pediatrics, 145(5): 622-627.
Rajakumar,K., Moore, CG., Yabes, J., Olabopo, F., Haralam, MA., Comer, D., Holick, MF., et al. (2016) Estimations of dietary vitamin D requirements in black and white children. Pediatr Res, 80(1): 14-20.
Kull M Jr., Kallikorm, R., Tamm, A., Lember, M. (2009) Seasonal variance of 25-(OH) vitamin D in the general population of Estonia, a Northern European country. BMC Public Health, 9: 22.
Jubiz, W., Haussler, MR., Mc Cain, TA., Tolman, KG. 7) Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in patients receiving anticonvulsant drugs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 44(4): 617-621.
Mikati, MA., Dib, L., Yamout, B., Sawaya, R., Rahi, AC., Fuleihan, Gel-H. (2006) Two randomized vitamin D trials in ambulatory patients on anticonvulsants: impact on bone. Neurology, 67(11): 2005-2014.
Hahn, TJ., Halstead, LR., Haddad, JG, Jr. (1977) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in patients receiving chronic corticosteroid therapy. J Lab Clin Med, 90(2): 399-404.
Bec, P., Bayard, F., Louvet, JP. (1972) 25-Hydroxycholecalciderol dynamics in human plasma. Rev Eur Etud Clin Biol. 17(8): 793-796.
DeLuca, HF., Schnoes,HK. (1983) Vitamin D: Recent Advances. Annu Rev Biochem, 52: 411-439.
Malloy, PJ., Feldman, D. (2010) Genetic disorders and defects in vitamin d action. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 39(2): 333-346.
Riggs, BL. (2003) Role of the vitamin D-endocrine system in the pathophysiology of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Cell Biochem, 88(2): 209-215.
Blomberg Jensen, M., Gerner Lawaetz, J., Andersson AM., Petersen JH., Nordkap L., Bang AK. et al. (2016) Vitamin D deficiency and low ionized calcium are linked with semen quality and sex steroid levels in infertile men. Hum Reprod., 31(8): 1875- 1885.
Chin, KY., Ima-Nirwana, S., Wan Ngah, WZ. (2015) Vitamin D is significantly associated with total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in Malaysian men. Aging Male, 18(3): 175-179.
Cutolo, M., Paolino, S., Sulli, A., Smith, V., Pizzorni, C., Seriolo, B. (2014) Vitamin D, steroid hormones, and autoimmunity. Ann NY Acad Sci, 1317: 39-46.
Veugelers, PJ., Pham, TM., Ekwaru. JP, (2015) Optimal Vitamin D Supplementation Doses that Minimize the Risk for Both Low and High Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in the General Population. Nutrients, 7(12): 10189-10208.
Heaney, RP., Davies, KM., Chen, TC., Holick, MF., Barger-Lux, MJ. (2003) Human serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol response to extended oral dosing with cholecalciferol. Am J Clin Nutr, 77(1): 204-210.
Ross, A.C. and Institute of Medicine (U. S.). Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium. (2011). Dietary reference intakes: calcium, vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Rajakumar, K., Moore, CG., Yabes, J., Olabopo, F., Haralam, MA., Comer, D., et al. (2015) Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Black and in White Children: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 100(8): 3183-3192.
Mortensen, C., Damsgaard, CT., Hauger, H., Ritz, C., Lanham-New, SA., Smith, TJ., et al. (2016) Estimation of the dietary requirement for vitamin D in white children aged 4-8 y: a randomized, controlled, dose-response trial. Am J Clin Nutr, 104(5): 1310-1317.
Smith, TJ., Tripkovic, L., Damsgaard, CT., Mølgaard, C., Ritz, C., Wilson-Barnes, SL., et al. (2016) Estimation of the dietary requirement for vitamin D in adolescents aged 14-18 y: a dose-response, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr, 104(5): 1301-1309.
Spiller, HA., Good, TF., Spiller, NE., Aleguas, A. (2016) Vitamin D exposures reported to US poison centers 2000-2014: Temporal trends and outcomes. Hum Exp Toxicol, 35(5): 457-461.
Underwood, JL., DeLuca, HF. (1984) Vitamin D is not directly necessary for bone growth and mineralization. Am J Physiol, 246(6): E493-E498.
Harms, LR., Burne, THJ., Eyles, DW., McGrath, JJ. (2011) Vitamin D and the brain. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 25(4): 657-669.
Mawer, EB, Backhouse, J., Hill, LF., Lumb, GA., De Silva, P., Taylor, CM., et al. (1975) Vitamin D metabolism and parathyroid function in man. Clin Sci Mol Med, 48(5): 349-365.
Shuster, EA. (2008) Hormonal influences in multiple sclerosis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 318: 267-311.
Suda, T., Takahashi, N., Martin, TJ. (1992) Modulation of osteoclast differentiation. Endocr Rev, 13(1): 66-80.
Bischoff-Ferrari, HA., Dawson-Hughes, B., Staehelin, HB., Orav, JE., Stuck, AE., Theiler, R., et al. (2009) Fall prevention with supplemental and active forms of vitamin D: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 339(7725): 843-846.
Chapuy, MC., Arlot, ME., Duboeuf, F., Brun, J., Crouzet, B., Arnaud, S., et al. (1992) Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women. The New England Journal of Medicine, 327(23): 1637-1642.
Allan, GM., Cranston, L., Lindblad, A., McCormack, J., Kolber, MR., Garrison, S., et al. (2016) Vitamin D: A Narrative Review Examining the Evidence for Ten Beliefs. J Gen Intern Med, 31(7): 780-791.
Bhalla, AK., Amento, EP., Serog, B., Glimcher, LH. (1984) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits antigen-induced T cell activation. J Immunol, 133(4): 1748-1754.
Waterhouse,JC.,Perez, TH.,Albert, PJ.(2009)ReversingBacteria-induced VitaminD Receptor DysfunctionIs Keyto Autoimmune Disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1173: 757- 765.
Chun, RF., Liu PT., Modlin, RL., Adams, JS., Hewison, M. (2014) Impact of vitamin D on immune function: lessons learned from genome-wide analysis. Front Physiol, 5 : 151.
Liu, PT., Stenger, S., Li, H., Wenzel, L., Tan, BH., Krutzik, SR., et al. (2006) Tolllike Receptor Triggering of a Vitamin D-Mediated Human Antimicrobial Response. Science, 311(5768): 1770-1773.
Liu, PT., Schenk, M., Walker, VP., Dempsey, PW., Kanchanapoomi, M., Wheelwright, M., et al. (2009) Convergence of IL-1beta and VDR activation pathways in human TLR2/1-induced antimicrobial responses. PLoS One, 4(6): e5810.
Deretic, V., Levine, B. (2009) Autophagy, immunity, and microbial adaptations. Cell Host Microbe, 5(6): 527-549.
Bemiss, CJ., Mahon, BD., Henry, A., Weaver, V., Cantorna, MT. (2002) Interleukin-2 is one of the targets of 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the immune system. Arch Biochem Biophys, 402(2): 249-254.
Mahon, BD., Wittke, A., Weaver, V., Cantorna, MT. (2003) The targets of vitamin D depend on the differentiation and activation status of CD4 positive T cells. J Cell Biochem, 89(5): 922-932.
Cantorna, MT. (2000) Vitamin D and autoimmunity: is vitamin D status an environmental factor affecting autoimmune disease prevalence? Proceedings of The Society For Experimental Biology and Medicine. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 223(3): 230- 233.
Shuster, EA. (2008) Hormonal Influences in Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 318: 267-311.
Gloth, FM., Alam, W., Hollis, B. (1999) Vitamin D vs broad spectrum phototherapy in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. J Nutr Health Aging, 3(1): 5-7.
Grishkan,IV.,Fairchild,AN.,Calabresi,PA.,Gocke,AR.(2013)1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 selectively and reversibly impairs T helper-cell CNS localization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 110(52): 21101-21106.
Hayes, CE., Cantorna, MT., DeLuca, HF. (1997) Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis. Proceedings Of The Society For Experimental Biology And Medicine. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 216(1): 21-27.
Menguy, R., Masters, YF., Desbaillets, L. (1970) Salivary mucins of patients with cystic fibrosis. Composition and susceptibility to degradation by salivary glycosidases. Gastroenterology, 59(2): 257-264.
Norman, AW., Frankel, JB., Heldt, AM., Grodsky, GM. (1980) Vitamin-D Deficiency Inhibits Pancreatic-Secretion of Insulin. Science, 209(4458): 823-825.
Bailey, R., Cooper, JD., Zeitels, L., Smyth, DJ., Yang, JH., Walker, NM., et al. (2007) Association of the vitamin D metabolism gene CYP27B1 with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes, 56(10): 2616-2621.
Littorin, B., Blom, P., Schölin, A., Arnqvist, HJ., Blohmé, G., Bolinder, J., et al. (2006) Lower levels of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D among young adults at diagnosis of autoimmune type 1diabetes compared with control subjects: results from the nationwide Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS), Diabetologia, 49(12): 2847-2852.
Nejentsev, S., Cooper, JD., Godfrey, L., Howson, JM., Rance, H., Nutland, S., et al. (2004) Analysis of the vitamin D receptor gene sequence variants in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes, 53(10): 2709-2712.
Lee, MT., Licursi, M., McMahon, DJ. (2015) Vitamin D deficiency and acute vasoocclusive complications in children with sickle cell disease, Pediatr Blood Cancer, 62(4): 643-647.
McCann, JC., Ames, BN. (2008) Is there convincing biological or behavioral evidencelinkingvitaminDdeficiencytobrain dysfunction?FASEB J, 22(4): 982-1001.
Christina, MH., Sparén, P., Noriyoshi, T., Robin, MM., Cnattingius, S. (1999) Prenatal and Perinatal Risk Factors for Schizophrenia, Affective Psychosis, and Reactive Psychosisof Early Onset: Case- Control Study. BMJ, 318(7181): 421-426.
Torrey, EF., Miller, J., Rawlings, R., Yolken, RH. (1997) Seasonality of births in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a review of the literature. Schizophr Res, 28(1):1- 38.
Humble, MB. (2010) Vitamin D, light and mental health. Journal Of Photochemistry And Photobiology. J Photochem Photobiol B, 101(2): 142-149.
Neveu, I., Naveilhan, P., Menaa, C., Wion, D ., Brachet, D., Garabédian, M. (1994) Synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by rat brain macrophages in vitro. Journal of Neuroscience, 38(2): 214-220.
Hauwel, M., Furon, E., Canova, C., Griffiths, M., Neal, J., Gasque, P. (2005) Innate (inherent) control of brain infection, brain inflammation and brain repair: the role of microglia, astrocytes, “protective” glial stem cells and stromal ependymal cells. Brain Res Brain Res Rev, 48(2): 220-233.
Dheen, ST., Kaur, C., Ling, EA. (2007) Microglial activation and its implications in the brain diseases. Curr Med Chem, 14(11): 1189-1197.
Dabrowski, FA., Grzechocinska, B., Wielgos, M. (2015) TheRole of Vitamin D in Reproductive Health-A Trojan Horse or the Golden Fleece, 7(6): 4139-4153.
Haugen, M., Brantsaeter, AL., Trogstad, L., Alexander, J., Roth, C., Magnus, P., et al. (2009) Vitamin D supplementation and reduced risk of preeclampsia in nulliparous women. Epidemiology, 20(5): 720-726.
Tabesh, M., Salehi-Abargouei, A., Tabesh, M., Esmaillzadeh, A. (2013) Maternal vitamin D status and risk of pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 98(8): 3165-3173.
Masuda, S., Jones, G. (2006) Promise of vitamin D analogues in the treatment of hyperproliferative conditions. Send to Mol Cancer Ther, 5(4): 797- 808.
Looker, AC. (2011) Vitamin D status: United States, 2001-2006. Hyattsville, MD U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.
Der, T., Bailey, BA., Youssef, D., Manning, T., Grant, WB., Peiris, AN. (2014) Vitamin D and prostate cancer survival in veterans. Mil Med, 179(1): 81-84.
. Wallace, G., Jodele, S., Myers, KC., Dandoy, CE., El-Bietar, J., Nelson, A., et al. (2016) Vitamin D Deficiency in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients Despite Both Standard and Aggressive Supplementation. Biology Of Blood And Marrow Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 22(7): 1271-1274.
