Comparative Immunomodulatory Capacity of Adipose- and Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22237725Keywords:
mesenchymal stromal cells; adipose tissue; umbilical cord; immunomodulation; potency assayAbstract
Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) suppress immune responses in vitro, and adipose tissue and umbilical cord
have largely displaced bone marrow as the source. Whether origin determines potency is contested.
Objective: To review head-to-head comparisons of adipose- and umbilical cord-derived cells, and why they disagree.
Methods: Narrative review of studies comparing MSCs from two or more tissue sources under matched conditions.
Findings: Reported differences are large but inconsistent in direction. In one three-way comparison, unprimed cells at a 1:5
ratio suppressed T-cell proliferation by 51% (bone marrow), 48% (adipose) and 9% (umbilical cord), yet priming with IFN-γ
and TNF-α brought all three to comparable potency; another found no difference at all. Suppression is soluble-factor
mediated, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase dominating in human cells and nitric oxide synthase in murine ones.
Conclusions: Licensing matters more than tissue of origin and collapses most reported source differences. The unresolved
problem is the absence of a potency assay predicting clinical effect.
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