Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Role in Tissue Repair
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22237973Keywords:
extracellular vesicles; mesenchymal stromal cells; tissue repair; potency; standardisationAbstract
Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells do not survive long enough after infusion to rebuild tissue, so their benefit is
attributed to secreted factors, and increasingly to extracellular vesicles.
Objective: To review the evidence that vesicles mediate repair, the cargo proposed to carry the effect, and the standardisation
problems that limit the field.
Methods: Narrative review of biodistribution, preclinical efficacy, cargo and manufacturing studies, and of the position
statements on characterisation.
Findings: About 60% of infused cells lodge in the lung within an hour and none are recoverable at 72 hours, which the
paracrine account was built to explain. Vesicles reproduce parent-cell effects across cardiac, renal, pulmonary and cutaneous
injury. Human evidence is one case and one 40-patient trial whose control arm is reported without numbers.
Conclusions: The paracrine premise is well supported. Dose is reported in incompatible units, no potency assay is agreed,
and effect sizes are not poolable.
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