Prevalence and Risk Factors of rheumatoid arthritis in pediatric rheumatology patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22813966Keywords:
juvenile idiopathic arthritis, pediatric rheumatology, prevalence, risk factors, seropositivityAbstract
Background: Chronic arthritis of childhood, gathered under the term juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), is the pediatric analogue most often loosely described as rheumatoid arthritis in children, yet only a minority of affected children carry the seropositive, adult-like phenotype.
Objective: This review synthesizes published evidence on the prevalence and distribution of JIA subtypes, including rheumatoid-factor-positive polyarticular disease, among children seen in pediatric rheumatology settings, and summarizes the genetic, immunological, environmental, and demographic risk factors associated with subtype susceptibility.
Methods: We synthesized population-based epidemiological studies, multicenter registry cohorts including CARRA and the Nordic JIA cohort, immunogenetic association studies, and case-control literature addressing environmental and perinatal exposures in JIA.
Findings: Oligoarticular disease is consistently the largest referral category, rheumatoid-factor-positive polyarticular disease the smallest but most continuous with adult seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, HLA-DRB1*04 and shared non-HLA loci link that subtype to adult disease, and uveitis risk, sex distribution, and age at onset vary systematically by subtype.
Conclusions: JIA prevalence and risk factors differ by ILAR subtype rather than forming one disease continuum, and subtype- and serology-aware stratification remains the most actionable tool for anticipating uveitis risk, erosive disease, and long-term outcome in pediatric rheumatology populations.
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