Long-Term Follow-Up of lipid nanocarrier delivery for bacterial infections
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22811791Keywords:
lipid nanocarrier, liposomal antibiotics, biofilm penetration, bacterial infection, long-term follow-upAbstract
Background: Lipid nanocarriers, principally liposomes, deliver antibiotics against biofilm-associated and intracellular bacterial infection; early studies showed liposomal ciprofloxacin protected mice against Francisella tularensis far better than free drug [4,5].
Objective: This review synthesizes evidence on lipid nanocarrier antibiotic delivery, emphasizing biofilm penetration, macrophage-targeted delivery, and safety under repeated, long-duration dosing.
Methods: We synthesized preclinical pharmacology studies, in vitro biofilm-model experiments, and long-term clinical follow-up reports on lipid-based antibacterial nanocarriers against Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and intracellular pathogens.
Findings: Neutral, PEGylated liposomes penetrate biofilm matrix better than cationic or larger particles [9]; liposomal amikacin sustains lung concentrations against P. aeruginosa biofilm beyond free drug [10]; mannosylated liposomal ciprofloxacin raises macrophage drug levels for intracellular pathogens [16]; multi-year follow-up of amikacin liposome inhalation suspension in cystic fibrosis shows sustained benefit without cumulative renal or ototoxicity [24].
Conclusions: Lipid nanocarrier delivery improves antibiotic exposure at sites of resistant infection without added systemic toxicity, and long-term follow-up for liposomal amikacin supports durability under chronic dosing [24,25].
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