Clinical Outcomes of nanorobotic drug delivery in Patients with solid tumors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22811779Keywords:
nanorobotics, drug delivery, solid tumors, tumor microenvironment, nanomedicineAbstract
Background: Passive nanoparticle delivery to solid tumors plateaus at a median of well under one percent of the injected dose, a ceiling largely unmoved across a decade of liposomal and polymeric formulation refinement.
Objective: This review benchmarks nanorobotic drug delivery platforms, DNA-based logic-gated devices, synthetic micromotors, and biohybrid carriers, against solid tumor models and against the clinical-trial evidence for approved nanomedicines.
Methods: We conducted a narrative synthesis of primary studies reporting quantifiable in vivo outcomes for nanorobotic and micromotor platforms, supplemented by the passive-delivery and clinical-trial literature used for benchmarking.
Findings: A thrombin-loaded DNA nanorobot achieved tumor growth inhibition and prolonged survival across four xenograft models without systemic coagulation abnormality, and magnetotactic bacteria achieved markedly higher accumulation in hypoxic tumor regions than passive liposomes; both exceed the roughly 0.7% median delivery efficiency of passive nanomedicines, but evidence remains concentrated in few laboratories and no platform has entered human testing.
Conclusions: Nanorobotic delivery shows mechanistic promise against the delivery-efficiency ceiling limiting passive nanomedicine, but clinical translation requires reproducing these results across standardized models with manufacturing and safety data comparable to approved agents.
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