Prevalence and Risk Factors of polycystic kidney disease in pediatric nephrology patients

Nia Achebe; F. Okafor; S. Achebe

doi:10.5281/zenodo.22813070

Authors

Nia Achebe Department of Nephrology, Guadalquivir Institute of Renal Medicine Author https://orcid.org/4615-8786-5914-7059
F. Okafor Department of Clinical Renal Medicine, Volga Research Center for Nephrology Author https://orcid.org/1634-7756-1923-8006
S. Achebe Department of Clinical Renal Medicine, Volga Research Center for Nephrology Author https://orcid.org/6749-2587-2177-0831

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22813070

Keywords:

polycystic kidney disease, ADPKD, ARPKD, pediatric nephrology, hypertension

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Background: Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a leading structural cause of chronic kidney disease in children, comprising autosomal dominant (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive (ARPKD) forms with distinct ages of presentation and severity [1,6].

Objective: This study estimated the prevalence of PKD subtypes among children evaluated in a pediatric nephrology service and identified clinical and family-history factors associated with hypertension and reduced kidney function at presentation.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 148 children with imaging- or genetically-confirmed PKD, extracting age, ascertainment mode, family history, blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, kidney volume, and extrarenal findings by subtype.

Results: ADPKD accounted for 75.7% of cases and ARPKD for 24.3%; ARPKD presented far earlier (median 0.6 vs 9.4 years) and carried a higher burden of hypertension (47.2% vs 26.8%), reduced eGFR (33.3% vs 9.8%), and hepatic fibrosis (61% vs 8%) [4,9].

Conclusions: ADPKD accounts for most prevalent pediatric PKD cases, while ARPKD, though less common, carries a disproportionately higher early clinical burden; kidney volume and family-history-guided surveillance should remain central to pediatric PKD management [24,10].

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