Prevalence of Inhaled Allergens among Children with Allergic Air- way Diseases in Riyadh Single-Center Experience
Keywords:
Aeroallergens, Allergy, Inhaled allergen, Bronchial asthma, Alergic airway diseases, audi arabia, Skin prick testAbstract
Objectives: To identify the prevalence of common inhalant allergens among patients. Material and Method: This is a cross sectional retrospective observational descriptive study design including 110 patients, who were referred to Asthma and Allergy clinic of children hospital in King Saud Medical City, Riyadh (KSMC) between June 2016 and December 2018 with primary diagnosis air way diseases, eczema and food allergy. Data Collection and Analysis: Data was collected through questionnaire, checklist and data Based of skin prick test results. The Skin prick test (SPT) procedure was used for all patients as diagnostic of airway allergy and therapeutic as routine inter- vention tools. The SPT was carried out on the forearm. Any number of allergens can be tested, as few as 3 or 4 or up to about 18 allergens. Clean arm with soap and water or alcohol. The forearm is coded with a skin marker pen corresponding to the num-
ber of allergens being tested. A single drop of each allergen extract was applied, two centimeters apart. A small prick through
the drop is made to the skin using Stallerpoint plastic needles (Stallergenes, France). A wheal reaction after 15 minutes ≥ 3
mm in diameter more than negative control was regarded as a positive sensitization to that allergen. Antihistamines were dis-
continued before the SPT was conducted. Glycerinated solutions of histamine phosphate (10 mg/mL) and saline were used as
positive and negative controls, respectively. There are some cases exclude from study those of unclear diagnosis, non-reactive
skin either used antihistamine or have hyper reactive skin. The most common indoor and outdoor allergen and the type of plants grown in the area identified. The indoor allergens such as (cats, cockroach, D. Pteronyssinus, etc.) while the outdoor allergens such Russian thistle, Bermuda grass, 12 grasses, molds (Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium mix and Alternaria alternara, etc..) extracts were used to be tested. Data was analyzed through SPSS for windows software, Version 20.0. The level of significance tested by chi square and P value <0.05 and 95 confident intervals.
