A Retrospective Cohort Study of enzyme immobilization techniques in industrial fermentation systems with low bioreactor yield

Takeshi Ito; K. Ito; N. Kato

doi:10.5281/zenodo.22812460

Authors

Takeshi Ito Division of Bioprocess Technology, Ganges Academy of Biochemical Engineering Author https://orcid.org/4475-6890-2497-378X
K. Ito Department of Biochemical Engineering, Fraser Research Center for Bioprocess Technology Author https://orcid.org/8772-5112-5976-1928
N. Kato Department of Biochemical Engineering, Ganges Academy of Biochemical Engineering Author https://orcid.org/5078-6470-9584-4283

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22812460

Keywords:

enzyme immobilization, industrial fermentation, bioreactor yield, biocatalyst stability, cross-linked enzyme aggregates

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Background: The choice among covalent binding, entrapment, adsorption, cross-linked enzyme aggregates, and microencapsulation is a core process-design decision for immobilized biocatalysts in industrial fermentation.

Objective: This retrospective cohort study examined documented fermentation operations to determine which immobilization technique choices were most often associated with low bioreactor yield, which failure mechanisms recurred, and which interventions restored yield.

Methods: Eligible records from the biocatalysis and bioprocess-engineering literature were classified by immobilization technique family and coded for cause of yield shortfall and reported corrective intervention.

Results: Adsorption-based systems were dominated by enzyme leaching under shear; entrapment-based systems were dominated by diffusional limitation; covalent binding and cross-linked aggregates retained the largest activity across reuse, and combining a chemistry change with a revised protocol gave the largest yield recovery.

Conclusions: Immobilization technique selection, and its interaction with operating strategy, should be treated as a first-order design variable for fermentation yield, with periodic biocatalyst-durability review built into routine practice.

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