Evaluation of fundus photography as a Prognostic Tool in dry eye disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22812266Keywords:
dry eye disease, meibography, ocular surface imaging, tear film, prognosisAbstract
Background: Dry eye disease is staged largely through photographic techniques, ocular surface staining, infrared meibography, and lipid layer interferometry, that form the substrate for objective severity grading [1,3].
Objective: This review evaluates fundus- and ocular-surface-photography-derived imaging as a prognostic tool in dry eye disease, examining how imaging-based severity indices relate to symptoms and treatment response.
Methods: We synthesized workshop reports, meibography and interferometry validation studies, and studies correlating imaging indices with symptom scores and clinical outcome.
Findings: Staining photography, infrared meibography, and lipid layer interferometry give reproducible severity indices [4,16,21], but correlation with symptom-based outcomes is only moderate and strongest when combined with a functional measure [26,29].
Conclusions: Photographic imaging is a mature severity battery for dry eye disease, best used as one component of a multimodal prognostic strategy rather than a stand-alone predictor [11,8].
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