Emerging Role of flow cytometric immunophenotyping in the Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis

Camila Flores; C. Rodriguez; D. Vargas

doi:10.5281/zenodo.22812524

Authors

Camila Flores Department of Clinical Immunology, Uruguay Research Center for Allergy and Immunotherapy Author https://orcid.org/0040-2868-5345-2592
C. Rodriguez Department of Clinical Immunology, Parana Institute for Advanced Allergy and Immunotherapy Author https://orcid.org/4756-2193-7244-421X
D. Vargas Department of Clinical Immunology, Vistula Research Center for Clinical Immunology Author https://orcid.org/9569-6288-0203-1566

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22812524

Keywords:

allergic rhinitis, flow cytometry, immunophenotyping, basophil activation test, innate lymphoid cells

Abstract

Background: Allergic rhinitis is diagnosed largely on history, skin testing, and serum specific IgE, yet many symptomatic patients have negative systemic markers, and standard testing misses the cellular events driving mucosal inflammation [2,5].

Objective: This review synthesizes evidence on flow cytometric immunophenotyping of blood and nasal cells as a diagnostic and mechanistic adjunct in allergic rhinitis, spanning T helper and innate lymphoid subsets, basophil activation testing, and eosinophil markers.

Methods: We reviewed cohort, allergen-challenge, and immunotherapy studies applying multiparameter flow cytometry to blood or nasal samples from patients with allergic or local allergic rhinitis and matched controls.

Findings: Circulating innate lymphoid cells and CRTH2+CD27- pathogenic Th2 cells expand with allergen exposure and track severity [16,13,17]; CD63/CD203c basophil activation testing distinguishes sensitized from tolerant individuals and detects local allergic rhinitis when systemic IgE is negative [19,18,22]; eosinophil markers track mucosal inflammatory burden and immunotherapy response [23,32].

Conclusions: Flow cytometric immunophenotyping adds diagnostic resolution beyond skin testing and serum IgE, particularly for local allergic rhinitis and immunotherapy monitoring, and warrants standardized incorporation into the diagnostic pathway [33,21].

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Emerging Role of flow cytometric immunophenotyping in the Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis

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